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Friedrich T. Sommer, Ph.D. <br />
Friedrich T. Sommer, Ph.D. <br />
University of California, Berkeley <br />  
University of California, Berkeley <br />  
Redwood Center for Theoretical Neuroscience - HWNI <br />
Redwood Center for Theoretical Neuroscience - Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute <br />
575A Evans Hall MC# 3198 <br />
Warren Hall <br />
Berkeley, CA 94720-3198 <br />
Berkeley, CA 94720 <br />
phone (510) 642-7251 <br />
fax (510) 642-7206 <br />
email F $ 0 M M E R (a) B E R K E L E Y * E D U (please retype)<br />
email F $ 0 M M E R (a) B E R K E L E Y * E D U (please retype)<br />
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Associate Adjunct Professor, Redwood Center for Theoretical Neuroscience & [http://neuroscience.berkeley.edu/ Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute], University of California, Berkeley <br />
Research Engineer/Scientist, Intel Labs & Adjunct Professor, Redwood Center for Theoretical Neuroscience & [http://neuroscience.berkeley.edu/ Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute], University of California, Berkeley <br />
Acting director of the Redwood Center for Theoretical Neuroscience at UC Berkeley during 2009<br />
Faculty member (Hochschuldozent), Department of Computer Science, [http://www.uni-ulm.de/ University of Ulm]<br />
Faculty member (Hochschuldozent), Department of Computer Science, [http://www.uni-ulm.de/ University of Ulm]
<br />
Previous appointments:<br />
2005-2011 Associate Adjunct Professor, University of California, Berkeley<br />
2009 Acting director of the Redwood Center for Theoretical Neuroscience at UC Berkeley<br />


----
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== Research Interests ==
== Research Interests ==


Many impressive capabilities of the brain are not yet understood, for example, abilities in perception to rapidly analyze cluttered visual scenes, spoken language, morse code or the virtually unlimited capacity of our long-term memory. My lab investigates the theoretical principles how neurons and networks in the brain collaborate and organize to produce perception, memory and ultimately cognition. To study these issues we develop computational models of the brain, as well as advanced techniques of data analysis. For a full list of the research publications, see the CV [[File:Ftsommer-cv10.pdf]].  
Many impressive capabilities of the brain are not yet understood, for example, how unsupervised learning shapes the brains of animals and humans while controlling closed action-perception loops with the environment, or the virtually unlimited capacity of our long-term memory and its close connection to spatial navigation.  
 
In collaboration with experimental neuroscience labs, my lab investigates the theoretical principles of learning and perception and their biological bases in the circuit dynamics of the brain. At the same time, I am interested in neurobiological design principles for building artificial intelligence systems.
 
For a full list of publications, see [https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=en&view_op=list_works&gmla=AJsN-F6OQfburHGgSijJ71YjBkMzeChlIy-MFcZM2jCPQk78E2IGxggVw2f18ll6GXAXpj70ExNW52y9VETzujZFBE3a5ChB99X6jB_IWauOzL7Ilp7M2CE&user=lA-oLkgAAAAJ Google Scholar Profile]
 
==Journal articles, book chapters and submissions==
 
==== Submissions/arXiv'ed manuscripts ====
Z. Li, Y. Chen, Y. LeCun, F. T. Sommer: Neural Manifold Clustering and Embedding. https://arxiv.org/abs/2201.10000 (2022)
 
C. Warner, F. T. Sommer: A probabilistic latent variable model for detecting structure in binary data. https://arxiv.org/abs/2201.11108 (2022)
 
E. P. Frady, D. Kleyko, C. J. Kymn, B. A. Olshausen, F. T. Sommer: Computing on functions using randomized vector representations. https://arxiv.org/abs/2109.03429 (2021)
 
C. Warner, F. T. Sommer: A Model for Image Segmentation in Retina [https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.02567 arXiv] (2020)
 
Z. Li, F. T. Sommer: The amplitude-phase complex Boltzmann machine [https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.01862 arXiv] (2020)
 
C. Bybee, E. P. Frady, F. T. Sommer: Deep learning in spiking phasor neural networks, in preparation
 
==== Recent Publications ====
A. Renner, L. Supic, A. Danielescu, G. Indiveri, B. A. Olshausen, Y. Sandamirskaya, F. T. Sommer, E. P. Frady: Neuromorphic visual scene understanding with resonator networks. Nature Machine Intelligence, in press, earlier version: arXiv:2208.12880. (2024)
 
A. Renner, L. Supic, A. Danielescu, G. Indiveri, E. P. Frady, F. T. Sommer, and Y. Sandamirskaya: Neuromorphic Visual Odometry with Resonator Networks. Nature Machine Intelligence, in press, earlier version: arXiv:2209.02000, (2024).
 
Z. Li, Y. Chen, F. T. Sommer: Learning energy-based models in high-dimensional spaces with multi-scale denoising-score matching. [https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/25/10/1367 Entropy] (2023)
 
C. Bybee, D. Kleyko, D. E. Nikonov, A. Khosrowshahi, F. T. Sommer: Efficient optimization with higher-order Ising machines. [https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-023-41214-9 Nature Communication] (2023)<br>
(Earlier version [https://arxiv.org/abs/2212.03426 arXiv])
 
D. Kleyko, C. Bybee, P.-C. Huang, C. J. Kymn, B. A. Olshausen, E. P. Frady, F. T. Sommer: Efficient Decoding of Compositional Structure in Holistic Representations. Neural Computation 5/2023 p1-28, (2023)
 
D. Kleyko, A. Rosato, E. P. Frady, M. Panella, F. T. Sommer: Perceptron Theory for Predicting the Accuracy of Neural Networks. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems (2023)<br>
(Earlier version [https://arxiv.org/pdf/2012.07881.pdf arXiv])
 
F. T. Sommer, J. A Hirsch: How the LGN forwards retinal information in the cortex. Chapter in The cerebral cortex and thalamus, Eds: W. M. Usrey and M. Sherman, Oxford University Press (2023)


Current research foci in the lab:
D. Kleyko, M. Davies, E. P. Frady, P. Kanerva, S. J. Kent, B. A. Olshausen, E. Osipov, J. M. Rabaey, D. A. Rachkovskij, A. Rahimi, F. T. Sommer: Vector Symbolic Architectures as computing framework for nanoscale hardware. [https://proceedingsoftheieee.ieee.org/october-2022/ Proceedings of the IEEE, 110(10)], 1538-1571. (2022)<br>
* How do biological mechanisms in the early visual system process the image?
(Earlier version [https://arxiv.org/pdf/2106.05268.pdf arXiv])
* What are functional roles of brain rhythms and ongoing neural activity?
* Are there universal communication schemes that brain areas use to interact?
* Active unsupervised learning (in biological and artificial sensor-motor loops)
* Multimodal sensory integration (early fusion)
* Theory of memory formation and retrieval in hippocampus and other brain structures


I am also interested in how public data sharing can grow in the community of neuroscience, making the best use of the precious resource of experimental data and to allow their analysis from many diverse angles. In other fields, such as genomics and linguistics, data sharing has became ubiquitous and highly successful, in neuroscience we are still quite at the beginning. My lab is building the core facilities for a new data sharing initiative in Neuroscience [http://www.crcns.org CRCNS.org]
D. Toker, I. Pappas, J. D. Lendner, J. Frohlich, D. M. Mateos, S. Muthukumaraswamy, R. Carhart-Harris, M. Pfaff, P. M. Vesta, M. M. Monti, F. T. Sommer, R. T. Knight, M. D'Esposito: Consciousness is supported by near-critical cortical electrodynamics. PNAS https://www.pnas.org/content/119/7/e2024455119 (2022)


== Recent Publications ==
D. Kleyko, E. P. Frady, F. T. Sommer: Cellular Automata Can Reduce Memory Requirements of Collective-State Computing, IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems. Print ISSN: 2162-237X, Online ISSN: 2162-2388, Digital Object Identifier:  [https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9586079 10.1109/TNNLS.2021.3119543] (2021)<br>
(Earlier version [https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.03585 arXiv])


====Peer-reviewed journal articles====
E. P. Frady, D. Kleyko, F. T. Sommer: Variable Binding for Sparse Distributed Representations: Theory and Applications. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems [https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9528907 10.1109/TNNLS.2021.3105949] (2021)<br>
X. Wang, V. Vaingankar, C. Soto Sanchez, F. T. Sommer, J. A. Hirsch: Thalamic interneurons and relay cells use complementary synaptic mechanisms for visual processing. Nature Neuroscience 14 (2011) 224-231
(Earlier version [https://arxiv.org/abs/2009.06734 arXiv])
 
Zengyi Li, Yubei Chen, F. T. Sommer: A Neural Network MCMC Sampler That Maximizes Proposal Entropy. Entropy 23(3), 269;
[https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/3/269?utm_campaign=releaseissue_entropyutm_medium=emailutm_source=releaseissueutm_term=titlelink4 doi:10.3390/e23030269] (2021)<br>
(Earlier version [https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.03587 arXiv])
 
E. P. Frady, S. J. Kent, B. A. Olshausen and F. T. Sommer: Resonator Networks, 1: An Efficient Solution for Factoring High-Dimensional, Distributed Representations of Data Structures. Neural Computation 32 (12):  [https://doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_01331 2311–2331] (2020)
 
S. J. Kent, E. P. Frady, F. T. Sommer and B. A. Olshausen: Resonator Networks, 2: Factorization Performance and Capacity Compared to Optimization-Based Methods. Neural Computation 32 (12): [https://doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_01329 2332–2388] (2020)


G. Isely, C. Hillar, F. T. Sommer: Decyphering subsampled data: Adaptive compressive sampling as a principle of brain communication. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 23. Eds: J. Lafferty and C. K. I. Williams and J. Shawe-Taylor and R.S. Zemel and A. Culotta (2011) 910-918 [http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CBoQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.nips.cc%2Fpapers%2Ffiles%2Fnips23%2FNIPS2010_1099.pdf&ei=aPFvTdLvLZHGsAPZ-5i_Cw&usg=AFQjCNGKtk3i_t5iSyxpdMcqMoLFhKf8OA&sig2=dnZxP1kl2pav20u7wloNSw pdf]
D. Toker, F. T. Sommer, M Desposito, M: A simple method for detecting chaos in nature. Communications Biology [https://www.nature.com/articles/s42003-019-0715-9 3, 11] (2020)


X. Wang, J. A. Hirsch, F. T. Sommer: Recoding of sensory information across the retinothalamic synapse. Journal of Neuroscience 30 (2010) 13567-13577
E. P. Frady, G. Orchard, D. Florey, N. Imam, R. Liu, J. Mishra, J. Tse, A. Wild, F. T. Sommer, M. Davies: Neuromorphic Nearest-Neighbor Search Using Intel's Pohoiki Springs. NICE '20: Proceedings of the Neuro-inspired Computational Elements WorkshopMarch 2020  [https://doi.org/10.1145/3381755.3398695 Article No.: 23, Pages 1–10] (2020)<br>
(Earlier version [https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.12691 arXiv])


K. Koepsell, X. Wang, J. A. Hirsch, F. T. Sommer: Exploring the function of neural oscillations in early sensory systems. Focused review in Frontiers in Neuroscience 4 (2010) 53-61 [http://frontiersin.org/neuroscience/neuroscience/paper/10.3389/neuro.01/010.2010/ Frontiers in Neuroscience]
Z. Li, Y. Chen, F. T. Sommer: Annealed Denoising Score Matching: Learning energy based models in high dimensional spaces [https://openreview.net/forum?id=HJeFmkBtvB ICLR 2020 Open Review] (2020)


A. Knoblauch, G. Palm, F. T. Sommer: Memory capacities for synaptic and structural plasticity. Neural Computation 22 (2010) 289-341 [http://redwood.berkeley.edu/fsommer/papers/knoblauchpalmsommer10.pdf pdf]
J. A. Livezey, A. F. Bujan, F. T. Sommer: Learning Overcomplete, low coherence dictionaries with linear inference. Journal of Machine Learning Research [http://jmlr.org/papers/v20/18-703.html 20(174):1−42] (2019)


G. Monaci, P. Vandergheynst, F. T. Sommer: Learning bimodal structure in audio-visual data. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks 20 (2009) 1898-1910 [http://redwood.berkeley.edu/fsommer/papers/Monaci_etal_IEEE_NN09.pdf pdf]
E. P. Frady, F. T. Sommer: Robust computation with rhythmic spike patterns. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences  [https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1902653116 September 3, 116 (36) 18050-18059] (2019), [https://neuroscience.berkeley.edu/new-model-of-neural-processing-could-help-us-understand-the-brain-and-create-better-ai/ UCB press release]<br>
(Earlier version [https://arxiv.org/abs/1901.07718 arXiv])


K. Koepsell, X. Wang, V. Vaingankar, Y. Wei, Q. Wang, D. L. Rathbun, W. M. Usrey, J. A. Hirsch, F. T. Sommer: Retinal oscillations carry visual information to cortex. [http://www.frontiersin.org/systemsneuroscience/paper/10.3389/neuro.06/004.2009/ Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience] (2009)
D. Toker, F. T. Sommer: Information integration in large brain networks. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006807 PLOS Computational Biology] (2019)<br>
(Earlier version [https://arxiv.org/abs/1708.02967 arXiv])


K. Koepsell, F. T. Sommer: Information transmission in oscillatory neural activity. Biological Cybernetics 99 (2008) 403-416 [http://redwood.berkeley.edu/fsommer/papers/koepsellsommer08bicy.pdf pdf]
==== Publications 2018 - 2003 ====
E. P. Frady, D. Kleyko, F. T. Sommer: A theory of sequence indexing and working memory in recurrent neural networks. Neural Computation, 30(6), 1449-1513. (2018)


J. L. Teeters, K. D. Harris, K. J. Millman, B. A. Olshausen, F. T. Sommer: Data sharing for computational neuroscience. Neuroinformatics 6 (2008) 47-55 [http://redwood.berkeley.edu/fsommer/papers/teetersetal08.pdf  pdf]
K. E. Bouchard, J. B. Aimone, M. Chun, T. Dean, M. Denker, M. Diesmann, D. D. Donofrio, L. M. Frank, N. Kasthuri, C. Koch, O. Rübel, H. D. Simon, F. T. Sommer, Prabhat: International neuroscience initiatives through the lens of high-performance computing. Computer, 51(4): 50-59 (2018)


X. Wang, Y. Wei, V. Vaingankar, Q. Wang, K. Koepsell, F. T. Sommer, J. A. Hirsch: Feedforward excitation and inhibition evoke dual modes of firing in the cat’s visual thalamus during naturalistic viewing. Neuron 55 (2007) 465-478. [http://redwood.berkeley.edu/fsommer/papers/wangetal07neuron.pdf  pdf] See also the preview about this paper: P. Reinagel: The inner life of bursts. Neuron 55 (2007) 339-341
C. Soto-Sánchez, X. Wang, V. Vaingankar, F. T. Sommer, J. A. Hirsch: The  spatial scale of receptive fields in the visual sector of the cat’s thalamic reticular nucleus. Nature Communications 8, 800 (2017) doi:10.1038/s41467-017-00762-7 (2017)  


F. T. Sommer: Bunte Theorien für graue Zellen. [http://www.gehirn-und-geist.de/artikel/872207 Gehirn und Geist], Juni (2007) 70-76
K. E. Bouchard, A. F. Bujan, E. F. Chang, F. T. Sommer: Sparse coding of ECoG signals identifies interpretable components for speech control in human sensorimotor cortex. IEEE, EMBC (2017)


M. Rehn, F. T. Sommer: A network that uses few active neurones to code visual input predicts the diverse shapes of cortical receptive fields. J. Comp. Neurosci. 22 (2) 135-146 (2007). [http://redwood.berkeley.edu/fsommer/papers/rehnsommer07jcns.pdf pdf]
K. E. Bouchard, J. B. Aimone, M. Chun, T. Dean, M. Denker, M. Diesmann, D. Donofrio, L. M. Frank, N. Kasthuri, C. Koch, O. Rübel, H. Simon, F. T. Sommer, Prabhat: High-Performance Computing in Neuroscience for Data-Driven Discovery, Integration, and Dissemination. [http://www.cell.com/neuron/fulltext/S0896-6273(16)30785-1?_returnURL=http%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS0896627316307851%3Fshowall%3Dtrue Neuron] 92:628-631 (2016)


M. Rehn, F. T. Sommer: Storing and restoring visual input with collaborative rank coding and associative memory.  
A. Knoblauch, F. T. Sommer: Structural plasticity, effectual connectivity and memory in cortex. [http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnana.2016.00063/abstract Frontiers in Neuroanatomy] (2016)
Neurocomputing 69 (10-12) (2006) 1219-1223 [http://redwood.berkeley.edu/fsommer/papers/rehnsommer06neurocomp.pdf  pdf]


F. T. Sommer, P. Kanerva: Can neural models of cognition benefit from the advantages of connectionism?
J. A. Livezey, A. F. Bujan, F. T. Sommer: On degeneracy control in overcomplete ICA [http://arxiv.org/abs/1606.03474 arXiv] (2016)
Behavoral and Brain Sciences 29 (1) 86-87 (2006) [http://redwood.berkeley.edu/fsommer/papers/sommerkanerva05.pdf  pdf]
   
   
F. T. Sommer, T. Wennekers: Synfire chains with conductance-based neurons: internal timing and coordination with timed input.
V. Suresh, U.M.  Çiftçioğlu, X. Wang, B. M. Lala, K. R. Ding, W. A. Smith, F. T. Sommer, J. A. Hirsch: Synaptic Contributions to Receptive Field Structure and Response Properties in the Rodent Lateral Geniculate Nucleus of the Thalamus. [http://www.jneurosci.org/content/36/43/10949.long Journal of Neuroscience] 36(43), 10949-10963 (2016)
Neurocomputing 65-66 (2005) 449 - 454  [http://redwood.berkeley.edu/fsommer/papers/sommerwennekers05.pdf  pdf]
 
J. L. Teeters, K.  Godfrey, R.  Young, C.  Dang, C. Friedsam, B.  Wark, H.  Asari, S. 
Peron, N.  Li, A.  Peyrache, G. Denisov, J. H. Siegle, S. R.  Olsen, C.  Martin, M. Chun, S. Tripathy, T. J. Blanche, K. D. Harris, G. Buzsaki, C.  Koch, M. Meister, K. Svoboda, F. T. Sommer: Neurodata Without Borders: Creating 
a common data format for neurophysiology. [http://www.cell.com/neuron/fulltext/S0896-6273(15)00919-8?_returnURL=http%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS0896627315009198%3Fshowall%3Dtrue Neuron] 88:629-634 (2015)
 
C. J. Hillar and F. T. Sommer: When can dictionary learning uniquely recover sparse data from subsamples? [http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7165675/ IEEE Transactions on Information Theory] 61(11):6290-6297 (2015). (Earlier [http://arxiv.org/abs/1106.3616 arXiv version] (2013))


D. George, F. T. Sommer: Computing with inter-spike  inverval codes in networks of integrate and fire neurons.
S. Mobin, J. Arnemann, F. T. Sommer: Information-based learning by agents in unbounded state spaces. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems [https://papers.nips.cc/paper/5266-information-based-learning-by-agents-in-unbounded-state-spaces NIPS] 26, MIT Press (2014).
Neurocomputing  65-66 (2005) 414 - 420 [http://redwood.berkeley.edu/fsommer/papers/georgesommer05.pdf  pdf]


L. M. Martinez, Q. Wang, R. C. Reid, C. Pillai, J.-M. Alonso, F. T. Sommer, J. A. Hirsch: Receptive field structure varies with layer in the primary visual cortex.
G. Agarwal, I. H. Stevenson, A. Berényi, K. Mizuseki, G. Buzsáki, F. T. Sommer: Spatially distributed local fields in the hippocampus encode rat position. [http://science.sciencemag.org/content/344/6184/626.long Science] 344 (2014): 626-630.
Nature Neuroscience 8 (12) (2005) 372 - 379 [http://redwood.berkeley.edu/fsommer/papers/martinezetal05.pdf  pdf]


A. Knoblauch, F. T. Sommer: Spike-timing dependent plasticity can form "zero-lag" links for cortical oscillations.
A. Knoblauch, E. Koerner, U. Koerner, F. T. Sommer: Structural synaptic plasticity has high memory capacity and can explain graded amnesia, catastrophic forgetting, and the spacing effect. [http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0096485 PLOS ONE] (2014)
Neurocomputing 52-54 (2004) 301 - 306  [http://redwood.berkeley.edu/fsommer/papers/KnoblauchSommer04.pdf  pdf]


G. Glatting, F. M. Mottaghy, J. Karitzky, A. Baune, F. T. Sommer, G. B. Landwehrmeyer, S. N. Reske: Improving binding potential analysis in [11C]raclopide PET studies using cluster analysis.
L. M. Martinez, M. Molano-Mazon, X. Wang, F. T. Sommer, J. A. Hirsch: Statistical wiring of thalamic receptive fields optimizes spatial sampling of the retinal image. [http://www.cell.com/neuron/fulltext/S0896-6273(13)01145-8 Neuron] 81 (2014) 943-956 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4114508/ PubMed pdf] (2014)
Medical Physics 31 (4) (2004) 902-906 [http://redwood.berkeley.edu/fsommer/papers/glattingetal04.pdf  pdf]


J. A. Hirsch, L. M. Martinez, C. Pillai, J.-M. Alonso, Q. Wang, F. T. Sommer: Functionally distinct inhibitory neurons at the first stage of visual cortical processing.
J. A. Hirsch, X. Wang, V. Vaingankar, F. T. Sommer: Inhibitory circuits in the visual thalamus. Chapter in: The New Visual Neurosciences, Eds.: Leo M. Chalupa and John S. Werner, MIT Press (2013)
Nature Neuroscience 6 (12) (2003) 1300 - 1308 [http://redwood.berkeley.edu/fsommer/papers/hirschetal03.pdf  pdf]


F. T. Sommer, T. Wennekers: Models of distributed associative memory networks in the brain.
F. T. Sommer: Neural oscillatons and synchrony as mechanisms for coding, communication and computation in the visual system. Chapter in: The New Visual Neurosciences, Eds.: Leo M. Chalupa and John S. Werner, MIT Press (2013) [http://www.rctn.org/w/images/c/c4/Sommer13chapt_vis_neurosci.pdf pdf]
Theory in Biosciences (122) (2003) 70 - 86  [http://redwood.berkeley.edu/fsommer/papers/sommerwennekers03.pdf  pdf]
A. Knoblauch, F. T. Sommer: Synaptic plasticity, conduction delays, and inter-areal phase relations of spike activity in a model of reciprocally connected areas.
Neurocomputing (52-54) (2003) 301-306 [http://redwood.berkeley.edu/fsommer/papers/knoblauchsommer03.pdf   pdf]


====The latest we are excited about====
D. Y. Little, F. T. Sommer: Learning and exploration in action-perception loops. [http://www.frontiersin.org/neural_circuits/10.3389/fncir.2013.00037/abstract Frontiers in Neural Circuits]. doi: 10.3389/fncir.2013.00037 (2013). Earlier [http://arxiv.org/abs/1112.1125 arXiv version]: Learning in embodied action-perception loops through exploration (2011)
=====Available preprints/conference contributions=====
C. Hillar, F. T. Sommer: Ramsey theory reveals the conditions when sparse coding on subsampled data is unique. Submitted 6/2011. arXiv.org > q-bio > arXiv:1106.3616 [http://arxiv.org/abs/1106.3616 pdf]


W. K. Coulter, C. J. Hillar, F. T. Sommer (2009) Adaptive compressed sensing - a new class of self-organizing coding models for neuroscience. arXiv.org > q-bio > arXiv:0906.1202 [http://redwood.berkeley.edu/fsommer/papers/0906.1202v1.pdf  pdf]
D. Y. Little, F. T. Sommer: Maximal mutual information, not minimal entropy, for escaping the "Dark Room". Comment on "Whatever next? Predictive brains, situated agents, and the future of cognitive science." in Behavioral Brain Sciences 2013 Jun;36(3):220-221. doi: 10.1017/S0140525X12002415 [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23663756]


G. Monaci, F. T. Sommer and P. Vandergheynst, [http://redwood.berkeley.edu/w/images/3/37/Eusipco08.pdf Learning Sparse Generative Models of Audiovisual Signals], Proc. of European Conf. on Signal Processing (EUSIPCO08), 2008
G. Agarwal, F. T. Sommer: Measuring information in spike trains about intrinsic brain signals. Chapter in: [http://books.google.com/books?id=KTHUIMUpQCUC&pg=PA137&lpg=PA137&dq=agarwal+sommer+information+theory&source=bl&ots=78JmjIQQPb&sig=Rt9ATxPLJDx-2kdf-g5LKbxlwYI&hl=en&sa=X&ei=QKiCUevFOsm2igLKiIGICw&ved=0CGcQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=agarwal%20sommer%20information%20theory&f=false Spike timing: Mechanisms and functions], Eds.: P. M. DiLorenzo, J. D. Victor, CRC Press - Taylor & Francis Group 137-152 (2013)


=====Manuscripts in preparation/submitted=====
V. Vaingankar, C. Soto-Sanchez, X. Wang, F. T. Sommer, J. A. Hirsch: Neurons in the thalamic reticular nucleus are selective for diverse and complex visual features. [http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnint.2012.00118/abstract Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience] 6:118. DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2012.00118  (2012)


D. Little, R Moazzezi, F. T. Sommer: Exploration by unsupervised learning in embodied action-perception loops. Submitted
C. Hillar, F. T. Sommer: Comment on the article "Distilling free-form natural laws from experimental data" [http://arxiv.org/abs/1210.7273 arXiv] (2012)


====Recent talks====
X. Wang, F. T. Sommer, J. A. Hirsch: Inhibitory circuits for visual processing in thalamus. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3767471/ Current Opinion in Neurobiology] 21 (2011) 726-733 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3767471/ PubMed pdf]
Talk at Osnabrück Computational Cognition Alliance Meeting (OCCAM) on "Natural computation in hierarchies". 6/2011


Talk at Janelia Conference: Computations in Neocortical Circuits: What Does the Cortex Do? DC 5/2001
X. Wang, V. Vaingankar, C. Soto Sanchez, F. T. Sommer, J. A. Hirsch: Thalamic interneurons and relay cells use complementary synaptic mechanisms for visual processing. [http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v14/n2/full/nn.2707.html Nature Neuroscience] 14 (2011) 224-231 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3767474/ PubMed pdf]


Talk at the CoSyNe workshop "Compressed sensing and the brain: Sparsity and dimensionality in neuronal processing" Snowbird, UT 3/2011
F. T. Sommer: Associative memory and learning. Chapter in [https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007%2F978-1-4419-1428-6_375 Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning], Ed.: N. Seel, Springer (2011)


Talk at the Synposium "Grand Challenges in Neural Computation II" Santa Fe, NM 2/2011
G. Isely, C. Hillar, F. T. Sommer: Decyphering subsampled data: Adaptive compressive sampling as a principle of brain communication. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems [http://papers.nips.cc/paper/4093-deciphering-subsampled-data-adaptive-compressive-sampling-as-a-principle-of-brain-communication NIPS] 23. Eds: J. Lafferty and C. K. I. Williams and J. Shawe-Taylor and R.S. Zemel and A. Culotta (2011) 910-918 [http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CBoQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.nips.cc%2Fpapers%2Ffiles%2Fnips23%2FNIPS2010_1099.pdf&ei=aPFvTdLvLZHGsAPZ-5i_Cw&usg=AFQjCNGKtk3i_t5iSyxpdMcqMoLFhKf8OA&sig2=dnZxP1kl2pav20u7wloNSw pdf]


Talk at the Symposium "Beyond Neural Cartography" USC Los Angeles, 3/26/2010  
C. Hillar, F. T. Sommer: Ramsey theory reveals the conditions when sparse coding on subsampled data is unique. [https://arxiv.org/abs/1106.3616v1 arXiv]  (2010) 


Talk at the workshop "Determinants of functional biases in sensory tuning across cortical laminae and regions", CoSyNe, Snowbird, UT 2/2010
X. Wang, J. A. Hirsch, F. T. Sommer: Recoding of sensory information across the retinothalamic synapse. [http://www.jneurosci.org/content/30/41/13567 Journal of Neuroscience] 30: 13567-13577 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3842493/ PubMed pdf] (2010)


Talk at the the workshop "Synchronization and Multiscale Complex Dynamics in the Brain", Dresden 11/2009
K. Koepsell, X. Wang, J. A. Hirsch, F. T. Sommer: Exploring the function of neural oscillations in early sensory systems. Focused review in [http://frontiersin.org/neuroscience/neuroscience/paper/10.3389/neuro.01/010.2010/ Frontiers in Neuroscience] 4: 53-61 (2010)


Talk at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore 9/2009
A. Knoblauch, G. Palm, F. T. Sommer: Memory capacities for synaptic and structural plasticity. [http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/neco.2009.08-07-588?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%3dpubmed Neural Computation] 22 (2010) 289-341 [http://rctn.org/fsommer/papers/knoblauchpalmsommer10.pdf pdf]


Talk at CNS conference, Berlin 7/2009
G. Monaci, P. Vandergheynst, F. T. Sommer: Learning bimodal structure in audio-visual data. [https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/f4e6/71d0644ad0a468e7b7f7e0e0b653d5b2c38e.pdf IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks] 20 (2009) 1898-1910 [http://rctn.org/fsommer/papers/Monaci_etal_IEEE_NN09.pdf pdf]


Talk at workshop "Structure and Dynamics of Networks", Blaubeuren 7/2009
K. Koepsell, X. Wang, V. Vaingankar, Y. Wei, Q. Wang, D. L. Rathbun, W. M. Usrey, J. A. Hirsch, F. T. Sommer: Retinal oscillations carry visual information to cortex. [http://www.frontiersin.org/systemsneuroscience/paper/10.3389/neuro.06/004.2009/ Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience] (2009)


Talk at CRCNS-PI meeting, CMU/U. Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh 6/2009
K. Koepsell, F. T. Sommer: Information transmission in oscillatory neural activity. [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00422-008-0273-6 Biological Cybernetics] 99 (2008) 403-416 [http://rctn.org/fsommer/papers/koepsellsommer08bicy.pdf pdf]


Talk at Joint Symposium on Neural Computation, Los Angeles 5/2009
J. L. Teeters, K. D. Harris, K. J.  Millman, B. A. Olshausen, F. T. Sommer: Data sharing for computational neuroscience. [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12021-008-9009-y Neuroinformatics] 6 (2008) 47-55 [http://rctn.org/fsommer/papers/teetersetal08.pdf  pdf]


Talk at Computational Neuroscience Group at Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona 3/2009
X. Wang, Y. Wei, V. Vaingankar, Q. Wang, K. Koepsell, F. T. Sommer, J. A. Hirsch: Feedforward excitation and inhibition evoke dual modes of firing in the cat’s visual thalamus during naturalistic viewing. [http://www.cell.com/neuron/fulltext/S0896-6273(07)00496-5 Neuron] 55 (2007)  465-478. [http://rctn.org/fsommer/papers/wangetal07neuron.pdf  pdf] See also the preview about this paper: P. Reinagel: The inner life of bursts. Neuron 55 (2007) 339-341


Talk at Bernstein Center for Theoretical Neuroscience, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München 2/2009
F. T. Sommer: Bunte Theorien für graue Zellen. [http://www.gehirn-und-geist.de/artikel/872207 Gehirn und Geist], Juni (2007) 70-76


Talk at Graduiertenkolleg, University of Ulm, Ulm 2/2009
M. Rehn, F. T. Sommer: A network that uses few active neurones to code visual input predicts the diverse shapes of cortical receptive fields. [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10827-006-0003-9 Journal of Computational Neuroscience] 22 (2) 135-146 (2007). [http://rctn.org/fsommer/papers/rehnsommer07jcns.pdf pdf]


Talk at Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Columbia University, New York 1/2009
M. Rehn, F. T. Sommer: Storing and restoring visual input with collaborative rank coding and associative memory.
[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925231205004066 Neurocomputing] 69 (10-12) (2006) 1219-1223 [http://rctn.org/fsommer/papers/rehnsommer06neurocomp.pdf  pdf]


Talk at the 1st INCF Workshop on Time Series Data: Analysis and Management, Stockholm 12/2008
F. T. Sommer, P. Kanerva: Can neural models of cognition benefit from the advantages of connectionism?
Behavoral and Brain Sciences 29 (1) 86-87 (2006) [http://rctn.org/fsommer/papers/sommerkanerva05.pdf  pdf]
F. T. Sommer, T. Wennekers: Synfire chains with conductance-based neurons: internal timing and coordination with timed input.
[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S092523120400400X Neurocomputing] 65-66 (2005)  449 - 454  [http://rctn.org/fsommer/papers/sommerwennekers05.pdf  pdf]


How the network dynamics in early visual stages can form sensory representations. Invited talk at University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands 7/2008
D. George, F. T. Sommer: Computing with inter-spike  inverval codes in networks of integrate and fire neurons.
[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925231204004230 Neurocomputing]  65-66 (2005) 414 - 420 [http://rctn.org/fsommer/papers/georgesommer05.pdf  pdf]


Roles of dynamical processes in early visual stages for forming sensory representations. Invited talk at the Ladislav Tauc conference “Complexity in Neural Network Dynamics”, Gif sur Yvette, France 12/2007
L. M. Martinez, Q. Wang,  R. C. Reid, C. Pillai, J.-M. Alonso, F. T. Sommer, J. A. Hirsch: Receptive field structure varies with layer in the primary visual cortex.
[http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v8/n3/full/nn1404.html Nature Neuroscience] 8 (12) (2005) 372 - 379 [http://rctn.org/fsommer/papers/martinezetal05.pdf  pdf]


Spike Timings Relative to Retinal Oscillations Carry Visual Information to Cortex.
A. Knoblauch, F. T. Sommer: Spike-timing dependent plasticity can form "zero-lag" links for cortical oscillations.
Talk given at the Brain Network Dynamics Conference 2007 [http://www.archive.org/details/Brain_Network_Dynamics_2007-19-Friedrich-Sommer video and slides]
[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925231204000372 Neurocomputing] 52-54 (2004) 301 - 306  [http://rctn.org/fsommer/papers/KnoblauchSommer04.pdf  pdf]


Can high level perception use dynamical processes in early visual stages?
G. Glatting, F. M. Mottaghy, J. Karitzky, A. Baune, F. T. Sommer, G. B. Landwehrmeyer, S. N. Reske: Improving binding potential analysis in [11C]raclopide PET studies using cluster analysis.
Talk given at the Workshop "High-Level Perception and Low-Level Vision: Bridging the Semantic Gap",
[http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1118/1.1668392/abstract;jsessionid=0883CB4A1FA57FB25969CE9AEEEB9C8D.f03t03 Medical Physics] 31 (4) (2004) 902-906 [http://rctn.org/fsommer/papers/glattingetal04.pdf  pdf]
at the Santa Fe Institute, October 8-10, 2007.


====Edited book====
J. A. Hirsch, L. M. Martinez, C. Pillai, J.-M. Alonso, Q. Wang, F. T. Sommer: Functionally distinct inhibitory neurons at the first stage of visual cortical processing.
Eds: F. T. Sommer, A. Wichert: Exploratory analysis and data modeling in functional neuroimaging.
[http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v6/n12/full/nn1152.html Nature Neuroscience] 6 (12) (2003) 1300 - 1308 [http://rctn.org/fsommer/papers/hirschetal03.pdf  pdf]
MIT Press, Boston, MA (2003) [http://mitpress.mit.edu/catalog/item/default.asp?ttype=2&tid=9191 link to publisher]


== Software ==
F. T. Sommer, T. Wennekers: Models of distributed associative memory networks in the brain.
[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1431761304700749 Theory in Biosciences] (122) (2003) 70 - 86  [http://rctn.org/fsommer/papers/sommerwennekers03.pdf  pdf]
A. Knoblauch, F. T. Sommer: Synaptic plasticity, conduction delays, and inter-areal phase relations of spike activity in a model of reciprocally connected areas.
[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925231202007920 Neurocomputing] (52-54) (2003) 301-306 [http://redwood.berkeley.edu/fsommer/papers/knoblauchsommer03.pdf  pdf]


Tool for analysis of functional neuroimaging: The [http://www.smd.uni-ulm.de/home/bps/ brain positioning software] (BPS) gives access to the Brodmann atlas and can be called directly from the SPM data analysis software. For description, see:  
== Workshops, Conferences, Seminar Series and Teaching Courses ==
'''Workshop and conference organization:'''


Schmitt V., Wichert A., Grothe J., Sommer  F. T.: The brain positioning software. A Practical guide of neuroscience databases. Ed.: R. Kötter, Kluwer, NY, 2002
* [https://simons.berkeley.edu/workshops/brain2018-2 Targeted Discovery in Brain Data], co-organizer, Brain and Computation program 2018 at the  Simon Center for the Theory of Computing, UC Berkeley
* Open Data Ecosystem for the Neurosciences. Ronald Reagan Building and International Trade Center, Washington, DC on July 25-26, 2016, co-organizer
* [http://nips.cc/Conferences/2013/Program/event.php?ID=3699 NIPS Workshop: High-dimensional Statistical Inference in the Brain], Lake Tahoe, 2013, co-organizer
* [http://www.neuroinf.org/pipermail/comp-neuro/2010-August/002253.html Workshop on Perception and Action], Santa Fe Institute, 2010, co-organizer, see [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3083716/ article about this workshop]
* [http://www.cosyne.org/c/index.php?title=Cosyne_09 COSYNE 2009 Program], member of program committee
* [http://www.cosyne.org/c/index.php?title=Cosyne_08_workshops COSYNE 2008 Workshops], workshop chair
* [http://www.cosyne.org/c/index.php?title=Cosyne_07_Workshops/submissions COSYNE 2007 Workshops], workshop chair
* [http://nips.cc/Conferences/2005/ NIPS 2005 Program], program chair for Neuroscience
* [http://www.gatsby.ucl.ac.uk/~maneesh/cns2002workshops/neural_assemblies.html CNS 2002 Workshop: Neural assemblies], co-organizer
* NIPS 2000 Workshop: Exploratory analysis and data modeling in functional neuroimaging, organizer


== Workshops, Conferences and Teaching Courses ==
'''Seminar series organization:'''


'''Workshops and conferences:'''
* [http://redwood.berkeley.edu/all_seminars.php Redwood Seminar Series], Talks at the Redwood Center, UC Berkeley, 2005-present (most talks you can watch online via the link), co-organizer
* NIPS 2010: Reviewer
* Santa Fe Institute Workshop 2010: Co-organizer [http://www.neuroinf.org/pipermail/comp-neuro/2010-August/002253.html Workshop on Perception and Action, SFI 2010]
* COSYNE 2010: Reviewer
* NIPS 2009: Reviewer
* COSYNE 2009: Member of program committee
* COSYNE 2008: Workshop chair
* COSYNE 2007: Workshop chair -> [http://www.cosyne.org/c/index.php?title=Cosyne_07_Workshops/submissions COSYNE 2007 workshop program]  
* NIPS 2005: Program chair for Neuroscience -> [http://nips.cc/Conferences/2005/ NIPS 2005 program]
* CNS 2002 workshop organizer: Neural assemblies -> [http://www.gatsby.ucl.ac.uk/~maneesh/cns2002workshops/neural_assemblies.html Neural assemblies workshop]
* NIPS 2000 workshop organizer: Explorative analysis and data modeling in functional neuroimaging


'''Teaching at UC Berkeley:'''
'''Teaching at UC Berkeley:'''


International summer courses
* [https://crcns.org/course Modeling and Mining of Neuroscience Data], UC Berkeley 2013-present (paused in 2020/2021), organizer, moderator
Semester courses
* Theoretical and computational neuroscience (2003, 2005; 2007; 2009; 2010; teaching participation at course MCB262/PSYCH290P/[http://redwood.berkeley.edu/wiki/VS265:_Neural_Computation VS265])   
* Theoretical and computational neuroscience (2003, 2005; 2007; 2009; 2010; teaching participation at course MCB262/PSYCH290P/[http://redwood.berkeley.edu/wiki/VS265:_Neural_Computation VS265])   
* Neural Computation (2006; teaching participation at course [[VS298]])
* Neural Computation (2006; teaching participation at course [[VS298]])
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'''Teaching at University of Ulm:'''
'''Teaching at University of Ulm:'''


Summer courses:
Summer course:
* Statistics of natural signals (2005)
* Statistics of natural signals (2005)


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* Neural Cell Assemblies
* Neural Cell Assemblies


== Neuroscience Publications by Theme ==
==Earlier Edited Book and Software for Neuroimaging==
 
Eds: F. T. Sommer, A. Wichert: Exploratory analysis and data modeling in functional neuroimaging.
MIT Press, Boston, MA (2003)
 
Tool for analysis of functional neuroimaging: The brain positioning software (BPS) gives access to the Brodmann atlas and can be called directly from the SPM data analysis software. For description, see: Schmitt V., Wichert A., Grothe J., Sommer  F. T.: [http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-1-4615-1079-6_17 The brain positioning software. A Practical guide of neuroscience databases.] Ed.: R. Kötter, Kluwer, NY, 2002
 
== Earlier Neuroscience Publications by Theme ==


For a brief description of some of the research projects, see [[Synopsis of Research|synopsis of research]].
For a brief description of some of the research projects, see [[Synopsis of Research|synopsis of research]].
Line 197: Line 254:
X. Wang, Y. Wei, V. Vaingankar, Q. Wang, K. Koepsell, F. T. Sommer, J. A. Hirsch: Feedforward excitation and inhibition evoke dual modes of firing in the cat’s visual thalamus during naturalistic viewing. Neuron 55 (2007)  465-478. See also the preview about this paper: P. Reinagel: The inner life of bursts. Neuron 55 (2007) 339-341
X. Wang, Y. Wei, V. Vaingankar, Q. Wang, K. Koepsell, F. T. Sommer, J. A. Hirsch: Feedforward excitation and inhibition evoke dual modes of firing in the cat’s visual thalamus during naturalistic viewing. Neuron 55 (2007)  465-478. See also the preview about this paper: P. Reinagel: The inner life of bursts. Neuron 55 (2007) 339-341


M. Rehn, F. T. Sommer: A network that uses few active neurones to code visual input predicts the diverse shapes of cortical receptive fields. J. Comp. Neurosci. 22 (2) 135-146 (2007). [http://redwood.berkeley.edu/fsommer/papers/rehnsommer07jcns.pdf pdf]
M. Rehn, F. T. Sommer: A network that uses few active neurones to code visual input predicts the diverse shapes of cortical receptive fields. J. Comp. Neurosci. 22 (2) 135-146 (2007). [http://rctn.org/fsommer/papers/rehnsommer07jcns.pdf pdf]
Earlier online prepublication [http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10827-006-0003-9 SpringerLink DOI 10.1007/s10827-006-003-9] (2006)  
Earlier online prepublication [http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10827-006-0003-9 SpringerLink DOI 10.1007/s10827-006-003-9] (2006)  


M. Rehn, F. T. Sommer: Storing and restoring visual input with collaborative rank coding and associative memory.  
M. Rehn, F. T. Sommer: Storing and restoring visual input with collaborative rank coding and associative memory.  
Neurocomputing 69 (10-12) (2006) 1219-1223 [http://redwood.berkeley.edu/fsommer/papers/rehnsommer06neurocomp.pdf  pdf]
Neurocomputing 69 (10-12) (2006) 1219-1223 [http://rctn.org/fsommer/papers/rehnsommer06neurocomp.pdf  pdf]


L. M. Martinez, Q. Wang,  R. C. Reid, C. Pillai, J.-M. Alonso, F. T. Sommer, J. A. Hirsch: Receptive field structure varies with layer in the primary visual cortex.
L. M. Martinez, Q. Wang,  R. C. Reid, C. Pillai, J.-M. Alonso, F. T. Sommer, J. A. Hirsch: Receptive field structure varies with layer in the primary visual cortex.
Nature Neuroscience 8 (12) (2005) 372 - 379 [http://redwood.berkeley.edu/fsommer/papers/martinezetal05.pdf  pdf]
Nature Neuroscience 8 (12) (2005) 372 - 379 [http://rctn.org/fsommer/papers/martinezetal05.pdf  pdf]


J. A. Hirsch, L. M. Martinez, C. Pillai, J.-M. Alonso, Q. Wang, F. T. Sommer: Functionally distinct inhibitory neurons at the first stage of visual cortical processing.
J. A. Hirsch, L. M. Martinez, C. Pillai, J.-M. Alonso, Q. Wang, F. T. Sommer: Functionally distinct inhibitory neurons at the first stage of visual cortical processing.
Nature Neuroscience 6 (12) (2003) 1300 - 1308 [http://redwood.berkeley.edu/fsommer/papers/hirschetal03.pdf  pdf]
Nature Neuroscience 6 (12) (2003) 1300 - 1308 [http://rctn.org/fsommer/papers/hirschetal03.pdf  pdf]


=== Mechanisms of memory in realistic neural networks ===
=== Mechanisms of memory in realistic neural networks ===
'''Structural plasticity'''
A. Knoblauch, E. Koerner, U. Koerner, F. T. Sommer: Structural synaptic plasticity has high memory capacity and can explain graded amnesia, catastrophic forgetting, and the spacing effect. to appear in PLOS ONE (2014)
A. Knoblauch, G. Palm, F. T. Sommer: Memory capacities for synaptic and structural plasticity. Neural Computation 22 (2010) 289-341 [http://rctn.org/fsommer/papers/knoblauchpalmsommer10.pdf pdf]


'''Long-term memory'''
'''Long-term memory'''


F. T. Sommer, T. Wennekers: Associative memory in networks of spiking neurons
F. T. Sommer, T. Wennekers: Associative memory in networks of spiking neurons
Neural Networks 14 (6-7) Special Issue: Spiking Neurons in Neuroscience and Technology (2001) 825 - 834 [http://redwood.berkeley.edu/fsommer/papers/sommerwennekers01.pdf  pdf]   
Neural Networks 14 (6-7) Special Issue: Spiking Neurons in Neuroscience and Technology (2001) 825 - 834 [http://rctn.org/fsommer/papers/sommerwennekers01.pdf  pdf]   
   
   
F. T. Sommer, T. Wennekers: Modeling studies on the computational function of fast temporal structure in cortical circuit activity
F. T. Sommer, T. Wennekers: Modeling studies on the computational function of fast temporal structure in cortical circuit activity
Journal of Physiology - Paris 94 (5/6) (2000) 473-488 [http://redwood.berkeley.edu/fsommer/papers/sommerwennekers00.pdf  pdf]   
Journal of Physiology - Paris 94 (5/6) (2000) 473-488 [http://rctn.org/fsommer/papers/sommerwennekers00.pdf  pdf]   
      
      
F. T. Sommer: On cell assemblies in a cortical column
F. T. Sommer: On cell assemblies in a cortical column
Neurocomputing (32-33) (2000) 517 - 522 [http://redwood.berkeley.edu/fsommer/papers/sommer00.pdf  pdf]   
Neurocomputing (32-33) (2000) 517 - 522 [http://rctn.org/fsommer/papers/sommer00.pdf  pdf]   


T. Wennekers, F. T. Sommer: Gamma-oscillations support optimal retrieval in associative memories of two-compartment neurons
T. Wennekers, F. T. Sommer: Gamma-oscillations support optimal retrieval in associative memories of two-compartment neurons
Neurocomputing 26-27 (1999) 573 - 578 [http://redwood.berkeley.edu/fsommer/papers/ws99.pdf  pdf]   
Neurocomputing 26-27 (1999) 573 - 578 [http://rctn.org/fsommer/papers/ws99.pdf  pdf]   


T. Wennekers, F. T. Sommer, G. Palm: Iterative Retrieval in Associative Memories by Threshold Control of Different Neural Models
T. Wennekers, F. T. Sommer, G. Palm: Iterative Retrieval in Associative Memories by Threshold Control of Different Neural Models
Line 231: Line 293:


A. Knoblauch, T. Wennekers, F. T. Sommer: Is voltage dependent synaptic transmission in NMDA receptors a robust mechanism for working memory?
A. Knoblauch, T. Wennekers, F. T. Sommer: Is voltage dependent synaptic transmission in NMDA receptors a robust mechanism for working memory?
Neurocomputing (44-46) (2002) 19-24 [http://redwood.berkeley.edu/fsommer/papers/kws02.pdf  pdf]   
Neurocomputing (44-46) (2002) 19-24 [http://rctn.org/fsommer/papers/kws02.pdf  pdf]   


U. Vollmer, F. T. Sommer: Coexistence of short and long term memory in a model network of realistic neurons
U. Vollmer, F. T. Sommer: Coexistence of short and long term memory in a model network of realistic neurons
Neurocomputing (38-40) (2001) 1031 - 1036 [http://redwood.berkeley.edu/fsommer/papers/vs01.pdf  pdf]   
Neurocomputing (38-40) (2001) 1031 - 1036 [http://rctn.org/fsommer/papers/vs01.pdf  pdf]   
   
   
'''Large-scale integration of cortical representations'''
'''Large-scale integration of cortical representations'''


F. T. Sommer, T. Wennekers: Models of distributed associative memory networks in the brain
F. T. Sommer, T. Wennekers: Models of distributed associative memory networks in the brain
Theory in Biosciences (122) (2003) 70 - 86 [http://redwood.berkeley.edu/fsommer/papers/sommerwennekers03.pdf  pdf]   
Theory in Biosciences (122) (2003) 70 - 86 [http://rctn.org/fsommer/papers/sommerwennekers03.pdf  pdf]   


Associative memory in reciprocal cortico-cortical projections
Associative memory in reciprocal cortico-cortical projections


F. T. Sommer, T. Wennekers: Associative memory in a pair of cortical cell groups with reciprocal projections
F. T. Sommer, T. Wennekers: Associative memory in a pair of cortical cell groups with reciprocal projections
Neurocomputing (38-40) (2001) 1575 - 1580 [http://redwood.berkeley.edu/fsommer/papers/sw01.pdf  pdf]   
Neurocomputing (38-40) (2001) 1575 - 1580 [http://rctn.org/fsommer/papers/sw01.pdf  pdf]   


F. T. Sommer, T. Wennekers, G. Palm: Bidirectional completion of cell assemblies in the cortex
F. T. Sommer, T. Wennekers, G. Palm: Bidirectional completion of cell assemblies in the cortex
Computational Neuroscience: Trends in Research 1998, Plenum Press, New York, (1998) [http://redwood.berkeley.edu/fsommer/papers/cns97swp.ps  ps]   
Computational Neuroscience: Trends in Research 1998, Plenum Press, New York, (1998) [http://rctn.org/fsommer/papers/cns97swp.ps  ps]   


'''Large-scale integration relying on neural oscillations'''
'''Large-scale integration relying on neural oscillations'''


A. Knoblauch, F. T. Sommer: Spike-timing dependent plasticity can form "zero-lag" links for cortical oscillations Neurocomputing (58-60) 185 - 190 (2004) [http://redwood.berkeley.edu/fsommer/papers/KnoblauchSommer04.pdf  pdf]   
A. Knoblauch, F. T. Sommer: Spike-timing dependent plasticity can form "zero-lag" links for cortical oscillations Neurocomputing (58-60) 185 - 190 (2004) [http://rctn.org/fsommer/papers/KnoblauchSommer04.pdf  pdf]   


A. Knoblauch, F. T. Sommer: Synaptic plasticity, conduction delays, and inter-areal phase relations of spike activity in a model of reciprocally connected areas
A. Knoblauch, F. T. Sommer: Synaptic plasticity, conduction delays, and inter-areal phase relations of spike activity in a model of reciprocally connected areas
Neurocomputing (52-54) (2003) 301-306 [http://redwood.berkeley.edu/fsommer/papers/knoblauchsommer03.pdf  pdf]
Neurocomputing (52-54) (2003) 301-306 [http://rctn.org/fsommer/papers/knoblauchsommer03.pdf  pdf]


=== Models of macroscopic activity spread in cortex ===
=== Models of macroscopic activity spread in cortex ===


V. Schmitt, R. Koetter, F. T. Sommer: The impact of thalamo-cortical projections on activity spread in cortex
V. Schmitt, R. Koetter, F. T. Sommer: The impact of thalamo-cortical projections on activity spread in cortex
Neurocomputing  (2003) (52-54) (2003) 919-924 [http://redwood.berkeley.edu/fsommer/papers/schmittetal03.pdf  pdf]
Neurocomputing  (2003) (52-54) (2003) 919-924 [http://rctn.org/fsommer/papers/schmittetal03.pdf  pdf]
   
   
R. Kötter  and F. T. Sommer: Global relationship between anatomical connectivity and activity propagation in the cerebral cortex
R. Kötter  and F. T. Sommer: Global relationship between anatomical connectivity and activity propagation in the cerebral cortex
Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B (355) (2000) 127 - 134 [http://redwood.berkeley.edu/fsommer/papers/KoetterSommer2000.pdf  pdf]
Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B (355) (2000) 127 - 134 [http://rctn.org/fsommer/papers/KoetterSommer2000.pdf  pdf]


F. T. Sommer, R. Kötter: Simulating a Network of Cortical Areas Using Anatomical Connection Data in the Cat
F. T. Sommer, R. Kötter: Simulating a Network of Cortical Areas Using Anatomical Connection Data in the Cat
Computational Neuroscience: Trends in Research 1997, Plenum Press, New York (1997) 511-517 [http://redwood.berkeley.edu/fsommer/papers/cns96lv.ps  ps]
Computational Neuroscience: Trends in Research 1997, Plenum Press, New York (1997) 511-517 [http://rctn.org/fsommer/papers/cns96lv.ps  ps]


R. Koetter, P. Nielsen, J. Dyhrfjeld, F. T. Sommer, G. Northoff: Multi-level integration of quantitative neuroanatimical data
R. Koetter, P. Nielsen, J. Dyhrfjeld, F. T. Sommer, G. Northoff: Multi-level integration of quantitative neuroanatimical data
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'''Review on capacity analysis of memory networks'''
'''Review on capacity analysis of memory networks'''


A. Knoblauch, G. Palm, F. T. Sommer: Memory capacities for synaptic and structural plasticity. Neural Computation, Volume 22, Issue 2, pp. 289-341 (2010) [http://redwood.berkeley.edu/fsommer/papers/knoblauchpalmsommer10.pdf pdf]
A. Knoblauch, G. Palm, F. T. Sommer: Memory capacities for synaptic and structural plasticity. Neural Computation, Volume 22, Issue 2, pp. 289-341 (2010) [http://rctn.org/fsommer/papers/knoblauchpalmsommer10.pdf pdf]


'''Bayesian theory of autoassociative memory'''
'''Bayesian theory of autoassociative memory'''


F. T. Sommer, P. Dayan: Bayesian Retrieval in Associative Memories with Storage Errors.
F. T. Sommer, P. Dayan: Bayesian Retrieval in Associative Memories with Storage Errors.
IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks 9 (4) (1998) 705-713 [http://redwood.berkeley.edu/fsommer/papers/sommerdayan98.pdf  pdf]
IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks 9 (4) (1998) 705-713 [http://rctn.org/fsommer/papers/sommerdayan98.pdf  pdf]


'''Bidirectional sparse associative memory'''
'''Bidirectional sparse associative memory'''


F. T. Sommer, G. Palm: Improved Bidirectional Retrieval of Sparse Patterns Stored by Hebbian Learning.
F. T. Sommer, G. Palm: Improved Bidirectional Retrieval of Sparse Patterns Stored by Hebbian Learning.
Neural Networks 12 (2) (1999) 281 - 297 [http://redwood.berkeley.edu/fsommer/papers/sommerpalm99.pdf  pdf]
Neural Networks 12 (2) (1999) 281 - 297 [http://rctn.org/fsommer/papers/sommerpalm99.pdf  pdf]


F. T. Sommer, G. Palm: Bidirectional Retrieval from Associative Memory.
F. T. Sommer, G. Palm: Bidirectional Retrieval from Associative Memory.
Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 10, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA (1998) 675 - 681 [http://redwood.berkeley.edu/fsommer/papers/sommerpalm98nips.PDF  pdf]
Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 10, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA (1998) 675 - 681 [http://rctn.org/fsommer/papers/sommerpalm98nips.PDF  pdf]
      
      
'''Capacity analysis of recurrent sparse autoassociative memories'''
'''Capacity analysis of recurrent sparse autoassociative memories'''


F. Schwenker, F. T. Sommer, G. Palm: Iterative Retrieval of sparsely coded associative memory patterns.
F. Schwenker, F. T. Sommer, G. Palm: Iterative Retrieval of sparsely coded associative memory patterns.
Neural Networks 9 (1996) 445-455 [http://redwood.berkeley.edu/fsommer/papers/schwenkeretal95.pdf  pdf]
Neural Networks 9 (1996) 445-455 [http://rctn.org/fsommer/papers/schwenkeretal95.pdf  pdf]


'''Capacity analysis of sparse pattern recognition'''
'''Capacity analysis of sparse pattern recognition'''


G. Palm, F. T. Sommer: Information capacity in recurrent Mc.Culloch-Pitts networks with sparsely coded memory states.
G. Palm, F. T. Sommer: Information capacity in recurrent Mc.Culloch-Pitts networks with sparsely coded memory states.
Network 3 (1992) 177-186 [http://redwood.berkeley.edu/fsommer/papers/palmsommer92.pdf  pdf]   
Network 3 (1992) 177-186 [http://rctn.org/fsommer/papers/palmsommer92.pdf  pdf]   
   
   
G. Palm, F. T. Sommer: Information and pattern capacities in neural associative memories with feedback for sparse memory patterns.
G. Palm, F. T. Sommer: Information and pattern capacities in neural associative memories with feedback for sparse memory patterns.
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G. Palm, F. T. Sommer: Associative data Storage and Retrieval in Neural Nets.
G. Palm, F. T. Sommer: Associative data Storage and Retrieval in Neural Nets.
In: Models of Neural Networks III, Springer New York (1996) Eds: E.Domany, J.L.van Hemmen, K.Schulten, 79-118       
In: Models of Neural Networks III, Springer New York (1996) Eds: E.Domany, J.L.van Hemmen, K.Schulten, 79-118       
[http://redwood.berkeley.edu/wiki/Image:Palmssommer95.pdf pdf]
[http://rctn.org/wiki/Image:Palmssommer95.pdf pdf]


Book, PhD-Thesis (in german)
Book, PhD-Thesis (in german)


F. T. Sommer: Theorie neuronaler Assoziativspeicher - Lokales Lernen und iteratives Retrieval von Information.
F. T. Sommer: Theorie neuronaler Assoziativspeicher - Lokales Lernen und iteratives Retrieval von Information.
Verlag Hänsel-Hohenhausen (1993) ISBN 3-89349-901-6    [http://redwood.berkeley.edu/fsommer/papers/dis.ps  ps]
Verlag Hänsel-Hohenhausen (1993) ISBN 3-89349-901-6    [http://rctn.org/fsommer/papers/dis.ps  ps]


=== Neuroimaging ===
=== Neuroimaging ===
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Eds: F. T. Sommer, A. Wichert: Exploratory analysis and data modeling in functional neuroimaging.
Eds: F. T. Sommer, A. Wichert: Exploratory analysis and data modeling in functional neuroimaging.
MIT Press, Boston, MA (2003) [http://mitpress.mit.edu/catalog/item/default.asp?ttype=2&tid=9191 link to publisher (table of contents, etc.)]
MIT Press, Boston, MA (2003)  


'''General issues of Neuroimaging'''
'''General issues of Neuroimaging'''
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F. T. Sommer, J. A. Hirsch, A. Wichert: Theories, data analysis and simulation models in neuroimaging - an overview
F. T. Sommer, J. A. Hirsch, A. Wichert: Theories, data analysis and simulation models in neuroimaging - an overview
In  Exploratory analysis and data modeling in functional neuroimaging.
In  Exploratory analysis and data modeling in functional neuroimaging.
Eds.: F.T. Sommer and A. Wichert,  MIT Press, Boston, MA (2003)  [http://redwood.berkeley.edu/fsommer/papers/sommeretal03.pdf  pdf]   
Eds.: F.T. Sommer and A. Wichert,  MIT Press, Boston, MA (2003)  [http://rctn.org/fsommer/papers/sommeretal03.pdf  pdf]   


V. Schmitt, A. Wichert, J. Grothe, F. T. Sommer: The brain positioning software.
V. Schmitt, A. Wichert, J. Grothe, F. T. Sommer: The brain positioning software.
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A. Wichert, B. Abler, J. Grothe, H. Walter, F. T. Sommer: Exploratory analysis of event-related fMRI demonstrated in a working memory study.  
A. Wichert, B. Abler, J. Grothe, H. Walter, F. T. Sommer: Exploratory analysis of event-related fMRI demonstrated in a working memory study.  
In  Exploratory analysis and data modeling in functional neuroimaging.
In  Exploratory analysis and data modeling in functional neuroimaging.
Eds.: F.T. Sommer and A. Wichert,  MIT Press, Boston, MA (2003) [http://redwood.berkeley.edu/fsommer/papers/wichertetal03.pdf  pdf]   
Eds.: F.T. Sommer and A. Wichert,  MIT Press, Boston, MA (2003) [http://rctn.org/fsommer/papers/wichertetal03.pdf  pdf]   


A. Wichert, H. Walter, G. Groen, A. Baune, J. Grothe, A. Wunderlich, F. T. Sommer: Detection of delay selective activity during a working memory task by explorative data analysis.
A. Wichert, H. Walter, G. Groen, A. Baune, J. Grothe, A. Wunderlich, F. T. Sommer: Detection of delay selective activity during a working memory task by explorative data analysis.
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A. Baune, F. T. Sommer, M. Erb, D. Wildgruber, B. Kardatzki, G. Palm, W. Grodd:  Dynamical Cluster Analysis of Cortical fMRI Activation.
A. Baune, F. T. Sommer, M. Erb, D. Wildgruber, B. Kardatzki, G. Palm, W. Grodd:  Dynamical Cluster Analysis of Cortical fMRI Activation.
NeuroImage 6 (5) (1999) 477 - 489 [http://redwood.berkeley.edu/fsommer/papers/bauneetal99.pdf  pdf]   
NeuroImage 6 (5) (1999) 477 - 489 [http://rctn.org/fsommer/papers/bauneetal99.pdf  pdf]   


'''Analysis techniques in Positron Emission Tomography'''
'''Analysis techniques in Positron Emission Tomography'''


G. Glatting, F. M. Mottaghy, J. Karitzky, A. Baune, F. T. Sommer, G. B. Landwehrmeyer, S. N. Reske: Improving binding potential analysis in [11C]raclopide PET studies using cluster analysis.
G. Glatting, F. M. Mottaghy, J. Karitzky, A. Baune, F. T. Sommer, G. B. Landwehrmeyer, S. N. Reske: Improving binding potential analysis in [11C]raclopide PET studies using cluster analysis.
Medical Physics 31 (4) (2004) 902-906 [http://redwood.berkeley.edu/fsommer/papers/glattingetal04.pdf  pdf]   
Medical Physics 31 (4) (2004) 902-906 [http://rctn.org/fsommer/papers/glattingetal04.pdf  pdf]   


A. Baune, A. Wichert, G. Glatting, F. T. Sommer: Dynamical cluster analysis for the detection of microglia activation
A. Baune, A. Wichert, G. Glatting, F. T. Sommer: Dynamical cluster analysis for the detection of microglia activation
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=== Neural associative memories in information technology ===
=== Neural associative memories in information technology ===
M. Rehn, F. T. Sommer: Storing and restoring visual input with collaborative rank coding and associative memory.  
M. Rehn, F. T. Sommer: Storing and restoring visual input with collaborative rank coding and associative memory.  
Neurocomputing 69 (10-12) (2006) 1219-1223 [http://redwood.berkeley.edu/fsommer/papers/rehnsommer06neurocomp.pdf  pdf]
Neurocomputing 69 (10-12) (2006) 1219-1223 [http://rctn.org/fsommer/papers/rehnsommer06neurocomp.pdf  pdf]


G. Palm, F. Schwenker, F. T. Sommer, A. Strey: Neural associative memory.
G. Palm, F. Schwenker, F. T. Sommer, A. Strey: Neural associative memory.
In Associative Processing and Processors, Eds. A. Krikelis and C. C. Weems, IEEE CS Press, Los Alamitos, CA, USA (1997) 307-326 [http://redwood.berkeley.edu/fsommer/papers/psss95.ps  ps]   
In Associative Processing and Processors, Eds. A. Krikelis and C. C. Weems, IEEE CS Press, Los Alamitos, CA, USA (1997) 307-326 [http://rctn.org/fsommer/papers/psss95.ps  ps]   
    
    
F. T. Sommer, F. Schwenker, G. Palm: Assoziative Speicher als Module in informationsverarbeitenden Systemen.
F. T. Sommer, F. Schwenker, G. Palm: Assoziative Speicher als Module in informationsverarbeitenden Systemen.
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G. Palm, F. Schwenker, F. T. Sommer: Associative memory and sparse similarity preserving codes.
G. Palm, F. Schwenker, F. T. Sommer: Associative memory and sparse similarity preserving codes.
In: From Statistics to Neural Networks: Theory and Pattern Recognition Applications, Ed. V.Cherkassky, Springer NATO ASI Series F, New York (1994) 282-302
In: From Statistics to Neural Networks: Theory and Pattern Recognition Applications, Ed. V.Cherkassky, Springer NATO ASI Series F, New York (1994) 282-302


== Earlier Publications in Physics ==
== Earlier Publications in Physics ==
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Z. f. Naturforsch. 43a (1988) 914-922
Z. f. Naturforsch. 43a (1988) 914-922


== Classical Music ==
I studied music phenomenology and music practice by attending courses and rehearsals of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergiu_Celibidache Sergiu Celibidache] in Stuttgart, Mainz and Munich. As an amateur violinist I was member of the university orchestras in Tübingen and Düsseldorf and in a few chamber ensembles. Occasional freelance writing about music (Music manual, Klassik heute, CD booklet texts).
'''Music texts'''
Here is a guy who had something to say about it: [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_Slonimsky Nicolas Slonimski]]
'''Strongest listening recommendations'''
*Johann Sebastian Bach: Sonaten und Partiten for solo violin, Ida Haendel, 1996, Testament SBT 2090 (These pieces can unfold a universe worth a lifetime to explore. For players it is difficult not to get caught up in internal and external obstacles when navigating it. From all the performances/recordings I have heard, [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ida_Haendel Ida Haendel]], who studied with Carl Flesch and George Enescu, gives the most direct and natural access to this universe. But note also the recording by Hilary Hahn.)
*Anton Bruckner: 4th Symphony, Sergiu Celibidache, Munich Philharmonic Orchestra, 1996, EMI (Celibidache's choice of tempi makes the last movement with its characteristic coda a revelation.)
*[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allan_Pettersson Allan Petterssen]]: 7th Symphony, Sergiu Commissiona, Swedish Radio Symphony Orchestra, 1990, Caprice CAP21411 (One symphonic movement of forty odd minutes, written to capture the experience of modern mankind.)
*Franz Schubert: Eine Winterreise, [[http://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marko_Rothm%C3%BCller Marko Rothmüller]] (baritone), Suzanne Gyr (piano), 1945 (Schubert's Winterreise is a microcosm of human experience and Rothmueller's voice gives it the most natural expression. Probably one of the most touching recordings ever that in my opinion surmounts in strength and directness the praised recordings by Diedrich Fischer-Dieskau.)
*Dmitri Shostakovich: String Quartets No 10, 13, 14, Borodin String Quartet, EMI 7 49269 2 (originally Melodiya 1982)


==Roots==  
==Roots==  


[http://neurotree.org/neurotree/tree.php?pid=12684 NeuroTree entry]
[http://neurotree.org/neurotree/tree.php?pid=12684 NeuroTree entry]
'''Family business'''
[http://www.rts.maschinenbau.uni-kassel.de/RTS/staff/sommer/ Hanns J. Sommer] (University of Kassel)
[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Sommer Julius Sommer, 1871-1943]: [http://books.google.com/books?id=tL5UAAAAYAAJ&pg=PR4&lpg=PR4&dq=%22Julius+Sommer%22+danzig&source=bl&ots=7tV0U9ejFq&sig=vYjA27aJ-msDBzfYLLmjtIiKHTc&hl=en&ei=jxHgTdmYK-TTiALflbHPCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7&ved=0CEcQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&q&f=false Vorlesungen über Zahlentheorie; Einführung in die Theorie der algebraischen Zahlkörper, Teubner, Leipzig, 1907] (Technical University of Gdansk)
[http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v21/n537/abs/021349f0.html Karl von Seebach, 1839-1880]: [http://www.univie.ac.at/wissenschaftstheorie/heat/heat-3/heat380f.htm  Seismic geometry and mechanics], [http://books.google.com/books?id=peEQAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Der Hannoversche Jura, Wilhelm Hertz, Berlin, 1864] (University of Göttingen)


==Funding==
==Funding==
Currently, my research is funded by the National Science Foundation, Google and the Hawkins-Strauss trust.  
Currently, my research is funded by National Institute of Health, the National Science Foundation and the Kavli Foundation.  


In the past, I have received support from the German Science Foundation, the Ministry of Education and Research of Baden-Wuerttemberg and by the Wilhelm-Schweizer-Zinnfiguren GmbH. For the opportunity of a broad academic training I am indebted to the public university system of the Federal Republic of Germany.
In the past, I have received support from the Hawkins-Strauss trust, the German Science Foundation, the Ministry of Education and Research of Baden-Wuerttemberg and by the Wilhelm-Schweizer-Zinnfiguren GmbH. I enjoyed a free and broad academic training due to the public university system of the Federal Republic of Germany.

Latest revision as of 21:18, 18 January 2024

Fritz.jpg

Friedrich T. Sommer, Ph.D.
University of California, Berkeley
Redwood Center for Theoretical Neuroscience - Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute
Warren Hall
Berkeley, CA 94720
email F $ 0 M M E R (a) B E R K E L E Y * E D U (please retype)

Research Engineer/Scientist, Intel Labs & Adjunct Professor, Redwood Center for Theoretical Neuroscience & Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley
Faculty member (Hochschuldozent), Department of Computer Science, University of Ulm

Previous appointments:
2005-2011 Associate Adjunct Professor, University of California, Berkeley
2009 Acting director of the Redwood Center for Theoretical Neuroscience at UC Berkeley


Research Interests

Many impressive capabilities of the brain are not yet understood, for example, how unsupervised learning shapes the brains of animals and humans while controlling closed action-perception loops with the environment, or the virtually unlimited capacity of our long-term memory and its close connection to spatial navigation.

In collaboration with experimental neuroscience labs, my lab investigates the theoretical principles of learning and perception and their biological bases in the circuit dynamics of the brain. At the same time, I am interested in neurobiological design principles for building artificial intelligence systems.

For a full list of publications, see Google Scholar Profile

Journal articles, book chapters and submissions

Submissions/arXiv'ed manuscripts

Z. Li, Y. Chen, Y. LeCun, F. T. Sommer: Neural Manifold Clustering and Embedding. https://arxiv.org/abs/2201.10000 (2022)

C. Warner, F. T. Sommer: A probabilistic latent variable model for detecting structure in binary data. https://arxiv.org/abs/2201.11108 (2022)

E. P. Frady, D. Kleyko, C. J. Kymn, B. A. Olshausen, F. T. Sommer: Computing on functions using randomized vector representations. https://arxiv.org/abs/2109.03429 (2021)

C. Warner, F. T. Sommer: A Model for Image Segmentation in Retina arXiv (2020)

Z. Li, F. T. Sommer: The amplitude-phase complex Boltzmann machine arXiv (2020)

C. Bybee, E. P. Frady, F. T. Sommer: Deep learning in spiking phasor neural networks, in preparation

Recent Publications

A. Renner, L. Supic, A. Danielescu, G. Indiveri, B. A. Olshausen, Y. Sandamirskaya, F. T. Sommer, E. P. Frady: Neuromorphic visual scene understanding with resonator networks. Nature Machine Intelligence, in press, earlier version: arXiv:2208.12880. (2024)

A. Renner, L. Supic, A. Danielescu, G. Indiveri, E. P. Frady, F. T. Sommer, and Y. Sandamirskaya: Neuromorphic Visual Odometry with Resonator Networks. Nature Machine Intelligence, in press, earlier version: arXiv:2209.02000, (2024).

Z. Li, Y. Chen, F. T. Sommer: Learning energy-based models in high-dimensional spaces with multi-scale denoising-score matching. Entropy (2023)

C. Bybee, D. Kleyko, D. E. Nikonov, A. Khosrowshahi, F. T. Sommer: Efficient optimization with higher-order Ising machines. Nature Communication (2023)
(Earlier version arXiv)

D. Kleyko, C. Bybee, P.-C. Huang, C. J. Kymn, B. A. Olshausen, E. P. Frady, F. T. Sommer: Efficient Decoding of Compositional Structure in Holistic Representations. Neural Computation 5/2023 p1-28, (2023)

D. Kleyko, A. Rosato, E. P. Frady, M. Panella, F. T. Sommer: Perceptron Theory for Predicting the Accuracy of Neural Networks. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems (2023)
(Earlier version arXiv)

F. T. Sommer, J. A Hirsch: How the LGN forwards retinal information in the cortex. Chapter in The cerebral cortex and thalamus, Eds: W. M. Usrey and M. Sherman, Oxford University Press (2023)

D. Kleyko, M. Davies, E. P. Frady, P. Kanerva, S. J. Kent, B. A. Olshausen, E. Osipov, J. M. Rabaey, D. A. Rachkovskij, A. Rahimi, F. T. Sommer: Vector Symbolic Architectures as computing framework for nanoscale hardware. Proceedings of the IEEE, 110(10), 1538-1571. (2022)
(Earlier version arXiv)

D. Toker, I. Pappas, J. D. Lendner, J. Frohlich, D. M. Mateos, S. Muthukumaraswamy, R. Carhart-Harris, M. Pfaff, P. M. Vesta, M. M. Monti, F. T. Sommer, R. T. Knight, M. D'Esposito: Consciousness is supported by near-critical cortical electrodynamics. PNAS https://www.pnas.org/content/119/7/e2024455119 (2022)

D. Kleyko, E. P. Frady, F. T. Sommer: Cellular Automata Can Reduce Memory Requirements of Collective-State Computing, IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems. Print ISSN: 2162-237X, Online ISSN: 2162-2388, Digital Object Identifier: 10.1109/TNNLS.2021.3119543 (2021)
(Earlier version arXiv)

E. P. Frady, D. Kleyko, F. T. Sommer: Variable Binding for Sparse Distributed Representations: Theory and Applications. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems 10.1109/TNNLS.2021.3105949 (2021)
(Earlier version arXiv)

Zengyi Li, Yubei Chen, F. T. Sommer: A Neural Network MCMC Sampler That Maximizes Proposal Entropy. Entropy 23(3), 269; doi:10.3390/e23030269 (2021)
(Earlier version arXiv)

E. P. Frady, S. J. Kent, B. A. Olshausen and F. T. Sommer: Resonator Networks, 1: An Efficient Solution for Factoring High-Dimensional, Distributed Representations of Data Structures. Neural Computation 32 (12): 2311–2331 (2020)

S. J. Kent, E. P. Frady, F. T. Sommer and B. A. Olshausen: Resonator Networks, 2: Factorization Performance and Capacity Compared to Optimization-Based Methods. Neural Computation 32 (12): 2332–2388 (2020)

D. Toker, F. T. Sommer, M Desposito, M: A simple method for detecting chaos in nature. Communications Biology 3, 11 (2020)

E. P. Frady, G. Orchard, D. Florey, N. Imam, R. Liu, J. Mishra, J. Tse, A. Wild, F. T. Sommer, M. Davies: Neuromorphic Nearest-Neighbor Search Using Intel's Pohoiki Springs. NICE '20: Proceedings of the Neuro-inspired Computational Elements WorkshopMarch 2020 Article No.: 23, Pages 1–10 (2020)
(Earlier version arXiv)

Z. Li, Y. Chen, F. T. Sommer: Annealed Denoising Score Matching: Learning energy based models in high dimensional spaces ICLR 2020 Open Review (2020)

J. A. Livezey, A. F. Bujan, F. T. Sommer: Learning Overcomplete, low coherence dictionaries with linear inference. Journal of Machine Learning Research 20(174):1−42 (2019)

E. P. Frady, F. T. Sommer: Robust computation with rhythmic spike patterns. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences September 3, 116 (36) 18050-18059 (2019), UCB press release
(Earlier version arXiv)

D. Toker, F. T. Sommer: Information integration in large brain networks. PLOS Computational Biology (2019)
(Earlier version arXiv)

Publications 2018 - 2003

E. P. Frady, D. Kleyko, F. T. Sommer: A theory of sequence indexing and working memory in recurrent neural networks. Neural Computation, 30(6), 1449-1513. (2018)

K. E. Bouchard, J. B. Aimone, M. Chun, T. Dean, M. Denker, M. Diesmann, D. D. Donofrio, L. M. Frank, N. Kasthuri, C. Koch, O. Rübel, H. D. Simon, F. T. Sommer, Prabhat: International neuroscience initiatives through the lens of high-performance computing. Computer, 51(4): 50-59 (2018)

C. Soto-Sánchez, X. Wang, V. Vaingankar, F. T. Sommer, J. A. Hirsch: The spatial scale of receptive fields in the visual sector of the cat’s thalamic reticular nucleus. Nature Communications 8, 800 (2017) doi:10.1038/s41467-017-00762-7 (2017)

K. E. Bouchard, A. F. Bujan, E. F. Chang, F. T. Sommer: Sparse coding of ECoG signals identifies interpretable components for speech control in human sensorimotor cortex. IEEE, EMBC (2017)

K. E. Bouchard, J. B. Aimone, M. Chun, T. Dean, M. Denker, M. Diesmann, D. Donofrio, L. M. Frank, N. Kasthuri, C. Koch, O. Rübel, H. Simon, F. T. Sommer, Prabhat: High-Performance Computing in Neuroscience for Data-Driven Discovery, Integration, and Dissemination. Neuron 92:628-631 (2016)

A. Knoblauch, F. T. Sommer: Structural plasticity, effectual connectivity and memory in cortex. Frontiers in Neuroanatomy (2016)

J. A. Livezey, A. F. Bujan, F. T. Sommer: On degeneracy control in overcomplete ICA arXiv (2016)

V. Suresh, U.M. Çiftçioğlu, X. Wang, B. M. Lala, K. R. Ding, W. A. Smith, F. T. Sommer, J. A. Hirsch: Synaptic Contributions to Receptive Field Structure and Response Properties in the Rodent Lateral Geniculate Nucleus of the Thalamus. Journal of Neuroscience 36(43), 10949-10963 (2016)

J. L. Teeters, K. Godfrey, R. Young, C. Dang, C. Friedsam, B. Wark, H. Asari, S. 
Peron, N. Li, A. Peyrache, G. Denisov, J. H. Siegle, S. R. Olsen, C. Martin, M. Chun, S. Tripathy, T. J. Blanche, K. D. Harris, G. Buzsaki, C. Koch, M. Meister, K. Svoboda, F. T. Sommer: Neurodata Without Borders: Creating 
a common data format for neurophysiology. Neuron 88:629-634 (2015)

C. J. Hillar and F. T. Sommer: When can dictionary learning uniquely recover sparse data from subsamples? IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 61(11):6290-6297 (2015). (Earlier arXiv version (2013))

S. Mobin, J. Arnemann, F. T. Sommer: Information-based learning by agents in unbounded state spaces. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems NIPS 26, MIT Press (2014).

G. Agarwal, I. H. Stevenson, A. Berényi, K. Mizuseki, G. Buzsáki, F. T. Sommer: Spatially distributed local fields in the hippocampus encode rat position. Science 344 (2014): 626-630.

A. Knoblauch, E. Koerner, U. Koerner, F. T. Sommer: Structural synaptic plasticity has high memory capacity and can explain graded amnesia, catastrophic forgetting, and the spacing effect. PLOS ONE (2014)

L. M. Martinez, M. Molano-Mazon, X. Wang, F. T. Sommer, J. A. Hirsch: Statistical wiring of thalamic receptive fields optimizes spatial sampling of the retinal image. Neuron 81 (2014) 943-956 PubMed pdf (2014)

J. A. Hirsch, X. Wang, V. Vaingankar, F. T. Sommer: Inhibitory circuits in the visual thalamus. Chapter in: The New Visual Neurosciences, Eds.: Leo M. Chalupa and John S. Werner, MIT Press (2013)

F. T. Sommer: Neural oscillatons and synchrony as mechanisms for coding, communication and computation in the visual system. Chapter in: The New Visual Neurosciences, Eds.: Leo M. Chalupa and John S. Werner, MIT Press (2013) pdf

D. Y. Little, F. T. Sommer: Learning and exploration in action-perception loops. Frontiers in Neural Circuits. doi: 10.3389/fncir.2013.00037 (2013). Earlier arXiv version: Learning in embodied action-perception loops through exploration (2011)

D. Y. Little, F. T. Sommer: Maximal mutual information, not minimal entropy, for escaping the "Dark Room". Comment on "Whatever next? Predictive brains, situated agents, and the future of cognitive science." in Behavioral Brain Sciences 2013 Jun;36(3):220-221. doi: 10.1017/S0140525X12002415 [1]

G. Agarwal, F. T. Sommer: Measuring information in spike trains about intrinsic brain signals. Chapter in: Spike timing: Mechanisms and functions, Eds.: P. M. DiLorenzo, J. D. Victor, CRC Press - Taylor & Francis Group 137-152 (2013)

V. Vaingankar, C. Soto-Sanchez, X. Wang, F. T. Sommer, J. A. Hirsch: Neurons in the thalamic reticular nucleus are selective for diverse and complex visual features. Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience 6:118. DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2012.00118 (2012)

C. Hillar, F. T. Sommer: Comment on the article "Distilling free-form natural laws from experimental data" arXiv (2012)

X. Wang, F. T. Sommer, J. A. Hirsch: Inhibitory circuits for visual processing in thalamus. Current Opinion in Neurobiology 21 (2011) 726-733 PubMed pdf

X. Wang, V. Vaingankar, C. Soto Sanchez, F. T. Sommer, J. A. Hirsch: Thalamic interneurons and relay cells use complementary synaptic mechanisms for visual processing. Nature Neuroscience 14 (2011) 224-231 PubMed pdf

F. T. Sommer: Associative memory and learning. Chapter in Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning, Ed.: N. Seel, Springer (2011)

G. Isely, C. Hillar, F. T. Sommer: Decyphering subsampled data: Adaptive compressive sampling as a principle of brain communication. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems NIPS 23. Eds: J. Lafferty and C. K. I. Williams and J. Shawe-Taylor and R.S. Zemel and A. Culotta (2011) 910-918 pdf

C. Hillar, F. T. Sommer: Ramsey theory reveals the conditions when sparse coding on subsampled data is unique. arXiv (2010)

X. Wang, J. A. Hirsch, F. T. Sommer: Recoding of sensory information across the retinothalamic synapse. Journal of Neuroscience 30: 13567-13577 PubMed pdf (2010)

K. Koepsell, X. Wang, J. A. Hirsch, F. T. Sommer: Exploring the function of neural oscillations in early sensory systems. Focused review in Frontiers in Neuroscience 4: 53-61 (2010)

A. Knoblauch, G. Palm, F. T. Sommer: Memory capacities for synaptic and structural plasticity. Neural Computation 22 (2010) 289-341 pdf

G. Monaci, P. Vandergheynst, F. T. Sommer: Learning bimodal structure in audio-visual data. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks 20 (2009) 1898-1910 pdf

K. Koepsell, X. Wang, V. Vaingankar, Y. Wei, Q. Wang, D. L. Rathbun, W. M. Usrey, J. A. Hirsch, F. T. Sommer: Retinal oscillations carry visual information to cortex. Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience (2009)

K. Koepsell, F. T. Sommer: Information transmission in oscillatory neural activity. Biological Cybernetics 99 (2008) 403-416 pdf

J. L. Teeters, K. D. Harris, K. J. Millman, B. A. Olshausen, F. T. Sommer: Data sharing for computational neuroscience. Neuroinformatics 6 (2008) 47-55 pdf

X. Wang, Y. Wei, V. Vaingankar, Q. Wang, K. Koepsell, F. T. Sommer, J. A. Hirsch: Feedforward excitation and inhibition evoke dual modes of firing in the cat’s visual thalamus during naturalistic viewing. Neuron 55 (2007) 465-478. pdf See also the preview about this paper: P. Reinagel: The inner life of bursts. Neuron 55 (2007) 339-341

F. T. Sommer: Bunte Theorien für graue Zellen. Gehirn und Geist, Juni (2007) 70-76

M. Rehn, F. T. Sommer: A network that uses few active neurones to code visual input predicts the diverse shapes of cortical receptive fields. Journal of Computational Neuroscience 22 (2) 135-146 (2007). pdf

M. Rehn, F. T. Sommer: Storing and restoring visual input with collaborative rank coding and associative memory. Neurocomputing 69 (10-12) (2006) 1219-1223 pdf

F. T. Sommer, P. Kanerva: Can neural models of cognition benefit from the advantages of connectionism? Behavoral and Brain Sciences 29 (1) 86-87 (2006) pdf

F. T. Sommer, T. Wennekers: Synfire chains with conductance-based neurons: internal timing and coordination with timed input. Neurocomputing 65-66 (2005) 449 - 454 pdf

D. George, F. T. Sommer: Computing with inter-spike inverval codes in networks of integrate and fire neurons. Neurocomputing 65-66 (2005) 414 - 420 pdf

L. M. Martinez, Q. Wang, R. C. Reid, C. Pillai, J.-M. Alonso, F. T. Sommer, J. A. Hirsch: Receptive field structure varies with layer in the primary visual cortex. Nature Neuroscience 8 (12) (2005) 372 - 379 pdf

A. Knoblauch, F. T. Sommer: Spike-timing dependent plasticity can form "zero-lag" links for cortical oscillations. Neurocomputing 52-54 (2004) 301 - 306 pdf

G. Glatting, F. M. Mottaghy, J. Karitzky, A. Baune, F. T. Sommer, G. B. Landwehrmeyer, S. N. Reske: Improving binding potential analysis in [11C]raclopide PET studies using cluster analysis. Medical Physics 31 (4) (2004) 902-906 pdf

J. A. Hirsch, L. M. Martinez, C. Pillai, J.-M. Alonso, Q. Wang, F. T. Sommer: Functionally distinct inhibitory neurons at the first stage of visual cortical processing. Nature Neuroscience 6 (12) (2003) 1300 - 1308 pdf

F. T. Sommer, T. Wennekers: Models of distributed associative memory networks in the brain. Theory in Biosciences (122) (2003) 70 - 86 pdf

A. Knoblauch, F. T. Sommer: Synaptic plasticity, conduction delays, and inter-areal phase relations of spike activity in a model of reciprocally connected areas. Neurocomputing (52-54) (2003) 301-306 pdf

Workshops, Conferences, Seminar Series and Teaching Courses

Workshop and conference organization:

Seminar series organization:

  • Redwood Seminar Series, Talks at the Redwood Center, UC Berkeley, 2005-present (most talks you can watch online via the link), co-organizer

Teaching at UC Berkeley:

International summer courses

Semester courses

  • Theoretical and computational neuroscience (2003, 2005; 2007; 2009; 2010; teaching participation at course MCB262/PSYCH290P/VS265)
  • Neural Computation (2006; teaching participation at course VS298)

Teaching at University of Ulm:

Summer course:

  • Statistics of natural signals (2005)

Semester courses (1997-2002):

  • Information retrieval and associative memory
  • Computational Neuroscience
  • Theoretical methods for the interpretation of medical functional imaging data
  • Information Retrieval
  • Associative memories: conventional and neuronal
  • Neural Cell Assemblies

Earlier Edited Book and Software for Neuroimaging

Eds: F. T. Sommer, A. Wichert: Exploratory analysis and data modeling in functional neuroimaging. MIT Press, Boston, MA (2003)

Tool for analysis of functional neuroimaging: The brain positioning software (BPS) gives access to the Brodmann atlas and can be called directly from the SPM data analysis software. For description, see: Schmitt V., Wichert A., Grothe J., Sommer F. T.: The brain positioning software. A Practical guide of neuroscience databases. Ed.: R. Kötter, Kluwer, NY, 2002

Earlier Neuroscience Publications by Theme

For a brief description of some of the research projects, see synopsis of research.

Computational models and analysis of cell physiology in the early visual system

X. Wang, V. Vaingankar, C. Soto Sanchez, F. T. Sommer, J. A. Hirsch: Thalamic interneurons and relay cells use complementary synaptic mechanisms for visual processing. Nature Neuroscience 14 (2011) 224-231

X. Wang, J. A. Hirsch, F. T. Sommer: Recoding of sensory information across the retinothalamic synapse. Journal of Neuroscience 30 (2010) 13567-13577

X. Wang, Y. Wei, V. Vaingankar, Q. Wang, K. Koepsell, F. T. Sommer, J. A. Hirsch: Feedforward excitation and inhibition evoke dual modes of firing in the cat’s visual thalamus during naturalistic viewing. Neuron 55 (2007) 465-478. See also the preview about this paper: P. Reinagel: The inner life of bursts. Neuron 55 (2007) 339-341

M. Rehn, F. T. Sommer: A network that uses few active neurones to code visual input predicts the diverse shapes of cortical receptive fields. J. Comp. Neurosci. 22 (2) 135-146 (2007). pdf Earlier online prepublication SpringerLink DOI 10.1007/s10827-006-003-9 (2006)

M. Rehn, F. T. Sommer: Storing and restoring visual input with collaborative rank coding and associative memory. Neurocomputing 69 (10-12) (2006) 1219-1223 pdf

L. M. Martinez, Q. Wang, R. C. Reid, C. Pillai, J.-M. Alonso, F. T. Sommer, J. A. Hirsch: Receptive field structure varies with layer in the primary visual cortex. Nature Neuroscience 8 (12) (2005) 372 - 379 pdf

J. A. Hirsch, L. M. Martinez, C. Pillai, J.-M. Alonso, Q. Wang, F. T. Sommer: Functionally distinct inhibitory neurons at the first stage of visual cortical processing. Nature Neuroscience 6 (12) (2003) 1300 - 1308 pdf

Mechanisms of memory in realistic neural networks

Structural plasticity

A. Knoblauch, E. Koerner, U. Koerner, F. T. Sommer: Structural synaptic plasticity has high memory capacity and can explain graded amnesia, catastrophic forgetting, and the spacing effect. to appear in PLOS ONE (2014)

A. Knoblauch, G. Palm, F. T. Sommer: Memory capacities for synaptic and structural plasticity. Neural Computation 22 (2010) 289-341 pdf

Long-term memory

F. T. Sommer, T. Wennekers: Associative memory in networks of spiking neurons Neural Networks 14 (6-7) Special Issue: Spiking Neurons in Neuroscience and Technology (2001) 825 - 834 pdf

F. T. Sommer, T. Wennekers: Modeling studies on the computational function of fast temporal structure in cortical circuit activity Journal of Physiology - Paris 94 (5/6) (2000) 473-488 pdf

F. T. Sommer: On cell assemblies in a cortical column Neurocomputing (32-33) (2000) 517 - 522 pdf

T. Wennekers, F. T. Sommer: Gamma-oscillations support optimal retrieval in associative memories of two-compartment neurons Neurocomputing 26-27 (1999) 573 - 578 pdf

T. Wennekers, F. T. Sommer, G. Palm: Iterative Retrieval in Associative Memories by Threshold Control of Different Neural Models In: Supercomputers in Brain Research: From Tomography to Neural Networks World Scientific Publishing Comp (1995) 301-319

Short-term memory

A. Knoblauch, T. Wennekers, F. T. Sommer: Is voltage dependent synaptic transmission in NMDA receptors a robust mechanism for working memory? Neurocomputing (44-46) (2002) 19-24 pdf

U. Vollmer, F. T. Sommer: Coexistence of short and long term memory in a model network of realistic neurons Neurocomputing (38-40) (2001) 1031 - 1036 pdf

Large-scale integration of cortical representations

F. T. Sommer, T. Wennekers: Models of distributed associative memory networks in the brain Theory in Biosciences (122) (2003) 70 - 86 pdf

Associative memory in reciprocal cortico-cortical projections

F. T. Sommer, T. Wennekers: Associative memory in a pair of cortical cell groups with reciprocal projections Neurocomputing (38-40) (2001) 1575 - 1580 pdf

F. T. Sommer, T. Wennekers, G. Palm: Bidirectional completion of cell assemblies in the cortex Computational Neuroscience: Trends in Research 1998, Plenum Press, New York, (1998) ps

Large-scale integration relying on neural oscillations

A. Knoblauch, F. T. Sommer: Spike-timing dependent plasticity can form "zero-lag" links for cortical oscillations Neurocomputing (58-60) 185 - 190 (2004) pdf

A. Knoblauch, F. T. Sommer: Synaptic plasticity, conduction delays, and inter-areal phase relations of spike activity in a model of reciprocally connected areas Neurocomputing (52-54) (2003) 301-306 pdf

Models of macroscopic activity spread in cortex

V. Schmitt, R. Koetter, F. T. Sommer: The impact of thalamo-cortical projections on activity spread in cortex Neurocomputing (2003) (52-54) (2003) 919-924 pdf

R. Kötter and F. T. Sommer: Global relationship between anatomical connectivity and activity propagation in the cerebral cortex Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B (355) (2000) 127 - 134 pdf

F. T. Sommer, R. Kötter: Simulating a Network of Cortical Areas Using Anatomical Connection Data in the Cat Computational Neuroscience: Trends in Research 1997, Plenum Press, New York (1997) 511-517 ps

R. Koetter, P. Nielsen, J. Dyhrfjeld, F. T. Sommer, G. Northoff: Multi-level integration of quantitative neuroanatimical data Chapter in Computational Neuroanatomy: Principles and Methods. Ed.: G. A. Ascoli, Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ (2002)

Theory of associative memory

Review on capacity analysis of memory networks

A. Knoblauch, G. Palm, F. T. Sommer: Memory capacities for synaptic and structural plasticity. Neural Computation, Volume 22, Issue 2, pp. 289-341 (2010) pdf

Bayesian theory of autoassociative memory

F. T. Sommer, P. Dayan: Bayesian Retrieval in Associative Memories with Storage Errors. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks 9 (4) (1998) 705-713 pdf

Bidirectional sparse associative memory

F. T. Sommer, G. Palm: Improved Bidirectional Retrieval of Sparse Patterns Stored by Hebbian Learning. Neural Networks 12 (2) (1999) 281 - 297 pdf

F. T. Sommer, G. Palm: Bidirectional Retrieval from Associative Memory. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 10, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA (1998) 675 - 681 pdf

Capacity analysis of recurrent sparse autoassociative memories

F. Schwenker, F. T. Sommer, G. Palm: Iterative Retrieval of sparsely coded associative memory patterns. Neural Networks 9 (1996) 445-455 pdf

Capacity analysis of sparse pattern recognition

G. Palm, F. T. Sommer: Information capacity in recurrent Mc.Culloch-Pitts networks with sparsely coded memory states. Network 3 (1992) 177-186 pdf

G. Palm, F. T. Sommer: Information and pattern capacities in neural associative memories with feedback for sparse memory patterns. In: Neural Network Dynamics, Springer New York (1992). Eds.: J.G.Taylor, E.R.Caianello, R.M.J.Cotterill, J.W.Clark, 3-18

Analysis of local learning rules

G. Palm, F. T. Sommer: Associative data Storage and Retrieval in Neural Nets. In: Models of Neural Networks III, Springer New York (1996) Eds: E.Domany, J.L.van Hemmen, K.Schulten, 79-118 pdf

Book, PhD-Thesis (in german)

F. T. Sommer: Theorie neuronaler Assoziativspeicher - Lokales Lernen und iteratives Retrieval von Information. Verlag Hänsel-Hohenhausen (1993) ISBN 3-89349-901-6 ps

Neuroimaging

Edited book

Eds: F. T. Sommer, A. Wichert: Exploratory analysis and data modeling in functional neuroimaging. MIT Press, Boston, MA (2003)

General issues of Neuroimaging

F. T. Sommer, J. A. Hirsch, A. Wichert: Theories, data analysis and simulation models in neuroimaging - an overview In Exploratory analysis and data modeling in functional neuroimaging. Eds.: F.T. Sommer and A. Wichert, MIT Press, Boston, MA (2003) pdf

V. Schmitt, A. Wichert, J. Grothe, F. T. Sommer: The brain positioning software. In: A practical guide of neuroscience databases and associated tools, Ed. R. Koetter, Kluwer, NY (2002)

Unsupervised method of detecting functional activity in Neuroimaging

A. Wichert, B. Abler, J. Grothe, H. Walter, F. T. Sommer: Exploratory analysis of event-related fMRI demonstrated in a working memory study. In Exploratory analysis and data modeling in functional neuroimaging. Eds.: F.T. Sommer and A. Wichert, MIT Press, Boston, MA (2003) pdf

A. Wichert, H. Walter, G. Groen, A. Baune, J. Grothe, A. Wunderlich, F. T. Sommer: Detection of delay selective activity during a working memory task by explorative data analysis. Neuroimage (13) (2001) 282

A. Baune, F. T. Sommer, M. Erb, D. Wildgruber, B. Kardatzki, G. Palm, W. Grodd: Dynamical Cluster Analysis of Cortical fMRI Activation. NeuroImage 6 (5) (1999) 477 - 489 pdf

Analysis techniques in Positron Emission Tomography

G. Glatting, F. M. Mottaghy, J. Karitzky, A. Baune, F. T. Sommer, G. B. Landwehrmeyer, S. N. Reske: Improving binding potential analysis in [11C]raclopide PET studies using cluster analysis. Medical Physics 31 (4) (2004) 902-906 pdf

A. Baune, A. Wichert, G. Glatting, F. T. Sommer: Dynamical cluster analysis for the detection of microglia activation in Artificial Neural Nets and Genetic Algorithms. Eds. V. Kurkova, N. C. Stelle, R. Neruda, M. Karny. Springer, Wien (2001) 442 - 445

J. Ruckgaber, G. Glatting, J. Karitzky, A. Baune, F. T. Sommer, B. Neumaier, S. N. Reske: Clusteranalyse in der Positronen-Emissions-Tomographie des Hirns mit C-11-PK11195. Nuklearmedizin (40) (2001) A95

Neural associative memories in information technology

M. Rehn, F. T. Sommer: Storing and restoring visual input with collaborative rank coding and associative memory. Neurocomputing 69 (10-12) (2006) 1219-1223 pdf

G. Palm, F. Schwenker, F. T. Sommer, A. Strey: Neural associative memory. In Associative Processing and Processors, Eds. A. Krikelis and C. C. Weems, IEEE CS Press, Los Alamitos, CA, USA (1997) 307-326 ps

F. T. Sommer, F. Schwenker, G. Palm: Assoziative Speicher als Module in informationsverarbeitenden Systemen. In: Contributions to the Workshop Aspekte Neuronalen Lernens, Eds. L.Cromme, J. Wille, T. Kolb Tech Report, TU Cottbus M-01/1995 (1995)

G. Palm, F. Schwenker, F. T. Sommer: Associative memory and sparse similarity preserving codes. In: From Statistics to Neural Networks: Theory and Pattern Recognition Applications, Ed. V.Cherkassky, Springer NATO ASI Series F, New York (1994) 282-302


Earlier Publications in Physics

P. Frodl, F. T. Sommer, K. Hau, F. Wahl: On the effective interaction of two hydrogen centres in Niobium. Z. f. Naturforsch. 43a (1990) 857-866

K. Hau, P. Frodl, M. Gnirß, F. T. Sommer, F. Wahl: A Microscopic Theory of a alpha-Phase Hydrogen in Niobium. Z. f. physikalische Chemie 163 (1989) 549-554

F. T. Sommer, K. Hau, P. Frodl, F. Wahl: Calculation of the excitation energies of a hydrogen impurity in Niobium. Z. f. Naturforsch. 43a (1988) 923-929

K. Hau, P. Frodl, F. T. Sommer, F. Wahl: A microscopic theory of a single hydrogen centre in Niobium. Z. f. Naturforsch. 43a (1988) 914-922


Roots

NeuroTree entry

Funding

Currently, my research is funded by National Institute of Health, the National Science Foundation and the Kavli Foundation.

In the past, I have received support from the Hawkins-Strauss trust, the German Science Foundation, the Ministry of Education and Research of Baden-Wuerttemberg and by the Wilhelm-Schweizer-Zinnfiguren GmbH. I enjoyed a free and broad academic training due to the public university system of the Federal Republic of Germany.

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